Market Evaluation:-
During
the development of the chemical industry, experts have been trained, and it is
necessary to call upon them for market Evaluation when a new product is under
appraisal.
Purity and Uniformity of Product:-
There
is a great vagueness in the chemical industry concerning the meaning of terms
used to describe purity. Terms such as technical, purified, analytical reagent,
reagent grade, spectroscopic purity, etc, convey the Sense of the degree of purity,
but the reagent grade of one chemical may be less pure than the technical grade
of another. One part in 10 million of boron is significant in the nuclear field;
50% purity may be totally adequate for a pharmaceutical. Research in the
laboratory, checked by pilot plant operations, should be directed to obtain
optimum conditions to ensure Uniformity of Product (which is frequently as
important as purity) and process performance and, if possible, to reduce by
products, since sales costs of the latter may be excessive. Instrumentation can
aid in the maintenance of uniform conditions, but good operators and careful
plant supervision is the real key to quality production.
The physical condition of the
products has a great influence on marketability. This involves crystal
structure, particle size and shape, and color for solids. For instance, both light
and dense soda ash are sold and required by different markets. Liquid color is
important, gasoline is dyed various color which does not in any way affect
performance.
Packaging:-
Packaging and storing are expensive and should be avoided
whenever possible. The most economical containers are refillable bulk ones such
as tanks, tank ships, pipelines, tank cars, barges, gondolas, and boxcars. Coal
and other solids have been transported in pipelines in suspension in liquids,
usually water. Unit trains carrying a single commodity to a single destination
have been used to reduce transportation cost. The United States has been most progressive
in the development of bulk means of transportation, not only for entire trainloads
of coal, oil, and gasoline but also for such things as molasses. Large tank cars,
barges, and trucks make many trips between seller and purchaser. Material in
transit does not require site storage, but interruptions in supply can be
expensive. Many chemicals are shipped in smaller containers, which may be of
the returnable or one trip variety. Container appearance is of importance only
for those chemicals sold directly to the consumer.
Sales
and customer Service:-
The salesperson is the eyes, ears, and nose of the company, bringing
in information to aid in economic forecasting. In many chemical companies, some
of the most profitable and salable articles arise from the suggestion of salespersons.
Because technical expertise and sales ability rarely reside in the same person,
the sales service or customer service job has been created. Customer service
people are able to instruct customers concerning the profitable use of their employer's
products. Sales and customer service from the major contact between buyer and
seller
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